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Building A Computer From Scratch

SafetyThe first thing you should do beforeUse that little flashlight of yours to
beginning  any  project  is  to  be  safe.locate on the motherboard(usually close to
the  front  and  bottom
When dealing with electricity is dangerous.
By  now  your  probably  telling  meof the case)the jumper panel usually labeled
1.
that I'm stating the obvious, but many
people  try  building  their  own  PC  andIt  is  arranged  as  a  selection of pins.
burn up their hardware, or worse, theirDue to the variety of different
home.First Things FirstTo start with, youconfigurations it is easier to refer to the
need  some  basic  tools:manual  on  this.
Phillips  screwdriversIn the manual you will also find out what to
do with all of the other USB and Audio ribbon
antistatic  grounding  strapscables  inside
small flashlight(I use the light on my cellyour case.Plug In Your Mother boardDo not
phone)plug the computer in to the wall outlet yet.
We are simply plugging in the power supply to
And most importantly: YOUR HEAD.Now Wethe  motherboard.
Begin1. Locating the components for your
project  can  be  a  lengthy  task.Refer to the manual for proper fit. ATX has
at least two variation of plugs the small
Compatibility is the most important. Thetype  from  the
parts  must  fit  both,  electrically  and
power supply is compatible to the large type
physically.2. Locate a case be sure toon the motherboard if plugged up
balance  cost  with  quality.  Note the powerproperly.Plug in Your DrivesHard disks and
CD-ROM drives use slavery. I know your
supply wattage, the number of drive bays andthinking  I'm  pulling  your leg but I'm not.
board compatibility.3. Locate a motherboard
scalability is key. You want to be able toIf your using only one hard drive set it to
upgrade."master" by moving the jumper on the drive to
master.
You also want to count expansion slots, note
the type of slots(PCI, PCI Express, AGP andIt is usually labeled on the drive itself.
so  on).Plug  in  the  IDE  cable  from the hard disc
You need to note all data concerning memoryto the "primary" IDE port on the
speed,  type,  max  capacity  and  so  on.motherboard. It is usually labeled
too(sometimes  it  is  colored  blue).
You need to know the BIOS(read the manual
that  comes  with  your  board)Since there is only one disk it is
master(you really only need one disk 320gb is
Warning: Overclocking is risky. I don'tmore  than  enough)
recommend  it  You could loose valuable data,
If you wish to connect more than one CD-ROM
Or worse, you could fry your system!.4."type"(DVD, CDR, DVDR ect..) Drive then use a
Locate a processor. Note the socket type thatdual
your mother board supports(LGA775, socket A
ect...)IDE cable and set one of the drives to
master and one to slave Then connect the
Try to find a bundle kit with heat-sink andcable  from  the  two  drives
fan  to  insure compatibility. Avoid OEM, OEM
to the secondary IDE port on the
Stands for Original Equipment Manufacturermotherboard. Be sure to fully install all the
These  products  come  with  Logo  labels.
You have to obtain a license to use them.5.drives in the case before hooking up the
Locate RAM(system memory). Note the type ofplugs  and  IDE  cables. Use screws supplied.
memory supported by your mother board. Match
the same type to insure compatibility(somePlug in all the power plugs in all the
type are reverse compatible).6. Locate a harddrives  from  the  power  supply.
drive. The more storage space and the higher
the  speed  the  better.After installing the floppy or card reader
plug in the special IDE and/or the Internal
I.E. 320GB at 7200RPM. Note the type asUSB  to  the
well(ATA, SATA, Internal or external).7.
Locate floppy, CD, CDR., CDRW, DVD, DVDR,Motherboard The IDE has a special twist in
DVDRW  drives  of  your  choice.it so be sure to connect it properly(usually
labeled)
Note the number of bays in your case and the
max allowable IDE devices for yourIts smaller than the rest so plug it in to
motherboard.the  "floppy  IDE"  port  on the motherboard.
You may use USB or SATA if your boardIf its a card reader or a combo floppy card
supports it.8. Locate a video card. Note slotreader then plug in the internal USB to an
type. It must match your mother board.9.available
Locate a sound card PCI is standard I
recommend  Sound  Blaster  for compatibility.USB Jumper Panel(refer to the manual for
your  mother  board).
If your board already has integrated video
and sound, you can ignore the last twoPlug in the special power plug into the
statementsfloppy drive.Plug In your RAMWhen installing
the RAM be sure to slide each card in the
Unless you wish to bypass them. You thencorrect  direction  and facing the right way.
need to do that in BIOS(read the manual).Put
It All TogetherFirst, use that groundingThey can really only go in one way but this
strap. It will keep your delicate componentskeeps you from damaging them by trying to
safe  from  ESDforce them.Install The ProcessorBe sure to
install the processor in the correct
(Electro-Static Discharge) AKA static. ESDdirection. Apply Heat-sink Grease to the top
is the No.1 killer of computer systems inof  the
general.
processor and install the heat-sink and fan
Lightening generates it in phone lines.Itsaccording to the instructions that came with
time to use that screwdriver. Begin byyour  heat-sink
opening  the  case.  It should come with all
or motherboard.Plug In Your Expansion
the  screws  and  fasteners  you  need.CardsTo plug in the expansion cards IE. video
cards,  network  cards,  sound  cards  ect.
Start by inspecting the case. Be sure it
comes with a power supply if it does not thenMatch slot type(PCI to PCI; AGP to AGP; PCI
buy  one.express  to  PCI  express).
Remove the I/0 plate on the back of the caseBe sure to remove the slot cover for the
and install the one that comes with yourselected  slot  then  install  the  card.
motherboard.
Be sure to place a screw to hold the
This  is  to  insure  a  perfect  fit.expansion  card  so  it  does  not  come
Inspect the screw holes on the motherboardout  of  place.
and  note  their  locations.
All card basically follow the same
Install the screw extensions(usuallyinstallation instructions.The Final CheckTake
brass)that came with your case (in the samethe time to look over the system and be sure
pattern  of  the  mother  board).all plugs are properly installed. If you have
any  doubts
Be sure to read the installation
instructions of your processor. Some socketask don't be afraid to ask someone in the
types  require  you  to  installfield of computers to help you or you can
contact me.Connect The External StuffYou can
a backing plate underneath the board tonow connect your monitor, keyboard, mouse and
support the heat-sink prior to boardinstall  your  operating  system.
installation.
After your operating system is installed be
Install the motherboard carefully. Usesure to install all the software provided
supplied screws(match Thread).Wiring Thewith  your  motherboard,
Motherboard To the CaseI felt that this
subject needed its own title because of thevideo card, sound card, disk drives,
complexity.monitor, and other input devices.Your
DoneWell you did it. Was it tough? It gets
You will find al sorts of wires inside theeasier  every  time  you  do  it.
case  with  black  plugs  at  the  ends.
I hope you did not have any serious
They are labeled. Usually one colored wireproblems.
twisted  around  a  white  wire.
Problems crop up almost every time you build
The colored wire is usually the positive anda  PC.
the  white  negative.
Its how you solve those problems that
Polarity matters so be sure to read thematters. Well Good luck!I was born in
manual  that  came  with  your  mother board.Albuquerque, New Mexico. I was always
fascinated with computers and electronics as
The plugs are labeled as followed HDDLED;a child. I completed the Cisco Networking
PWRLED;  PWRSW; RESETSW; SPEAKER. These plugsAcademy course in At Mary G. Montgomery High
School and attended the University of South
are for the lights and switches on the caseAlabama majoring in computer engineering but
and  are  in  some  variation  of  the above.never completed. I'm mostly self taught.



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